Accessibility requires more than technology

  • 4 minute read

This year the world celebrates the 10th anniversary of Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD). There is a lot of progress to celebrate. Websites and operating systems have become much more accessible. However, this day is not just about celebrating achievements. It is also about raising awareness about accessibility and the work that lies ahead. This year we are taking a look at an often overlooked aspect of accessibility - access. Does every person actually have access to all these accessible technologies?

Access to communication devices

Having access to something you need means always having the right and opportunity to use it. Over 2% of the population cannot rely on their own voice to be understood. These are the people who require access to a communication device. A few years ago, I wrote about the progress we have made in democratizing access to this kind of technology. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic showed that there are still many access barriers to overcome.

At AssistiveWare we make an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) app called Proloquo2Go. The graph below shows the number of devices running our app at least once in a 30 day period. A steep decline occurred in the US, Canada, and the UK following lockdowns and school closures. Over 30% of the devices were not in use from the moment most schools closed up to the moment most schools reopened. Other developers in this field observed similar drops in use. The drop in device use represents tens of thousands of students who lost access to their devices when schools closed.

Graph large

Source: Anonymous opt-in data from App Store Connect.

Lessons from the pandemic

Several factors can explain the drop in device use. Many students only have access to a communication device at school. With schools closed, students were unable to use their communication devices. Kathleen H.’s son is one of those students. She explained, “His school refused to give him a device for home even pre-COVID, so before and during COVID he didn’t have it at home.” Other students did have access to a communication device at home but received little or no support from school. Amanda C., another parent of an AAC user, received “no assistive tech support in general” for their daughter. She said, “We were given an adaptive keyboard and mouse but essentially told to figure out how to teach her to use it on our own.”

The support needed to use a communication device can vary greatly between students. Some students need help to keep it charged and physically available. Others need support with attention, concentration, and social interaction. Others are still learning how spoken words can be represented with visual symbols in an app. Learning to use visual symbols to express words can be compared to learning sign language. These students need trained communication partners to teach them the language. But their families may not feel skilled or familiar enough with the device to support and stimulate its use at home. At school, students can receive support from educators, speech therapists, paraprofessionals, and peers. At home, there might not be anyone available to fill this role. Lockdowns and physical isolation also mean fewer opportunities to communicate with a range of people. Parents may feel that they can understand their child sufficiently without a device.

Still, whatever the factors, one-third of the students did not have access to their communication devices during school closures. Either they did not physically have access to it or their environment did not support its use.

While shocking, this is not surprising. During pre-COVID times the number of active Proloquo2Go devices always dropped by half on weekends and school holidays. The pandemic revealed the significance of the problem and deprived many students of a proper means of communication.

Access cannot be achieved with technology alone

Technology has gotten a whole lot more accessible and even more affordable over the last decade. Yet, there are still significant barriers to access that technology. Access to communication is a problem that cannot be solved with technology alone. An attitude shift is required.

Communication devices must be treated as an essential accommodation, like wheelchairs or hearing aids. These devices are more than a tool to participate in the classroom or curriculum. They are tools to access and participate in society.

The support to use a communication device is as essential as the device. Schools and families have joint responsibility and need to pool their resources. Schools should not only allow communication devices to be taken home, but they should also encourage and support it. They should make sure that parents are trained and motivated to use the devices at home too. This partnership must be a two-way street. Families must be involved in important decisions about how devices are selected and provided. Parents should take responsibility to use communication devices regularly at home too.

Communication is a human right

Let’s not forget that accessibly cannot be addressed with technology alone. Accessibility also requires equitable access to that technology and the support and training to use it effectively!

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